Location:  Literature review itself was not location-specific but the bigger project in which this project is part of is situated in Calgary.

Key recommendations

• Reduce barriers to access through targeted supports and strategies (e.g., vaccination site in a targeted neighbourhood, mobile outreach).

• Include engagement of patients and community, and regular communication.

  Reinforce local capacity and solutions (e.g., enhance existing systems, hire staff, provide culturally responsive training for staff, empower local leaders).

• Enable timely changes to models with ongoing data collection and evaluation (e.g., collect data on coverage rates, reasons for hesitancy) to address emerging needs.
• Make use of new strategies and modern technologies (e.g., social media, translation apps, data systems) to complement communication, engagement and delivery strategies.

Key populations:

• Refugees
• Asylum seekers

Key findings

• All 30 studies monitored vaccine update, learned from evaluation and adapted models.
• Two of the studies used social media to promote vaccination campaigns.
• None of the studies monitored and directly responded to social media.

Open access: No

Integration timeline

Future research/gaps identified:

Community organizations